Test Prep NCE - National Counselor Examination Exam

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Total 100 questions

According to Piaget's stages of moral judgment, a child younger than age ten will think which of the following is worse?

  • A. Someone who was trying to help his mother set the table and broke five dishes.
  • B. Someone who was stealing a cookie from the cookie jar when he wasn't allowed, and knocked over a cup that broke.
  • C. Someone who did not control the dog who jumped up on the table and pulled down a glass full of water, which broke.
  • D. Someone who accidentally dropped a dinner knife which could have hurt someone if they would have stepped on it.


Answer : A

Explanation:
Piaget saw moral judgment broken into two age brackets: below and above age ten. Those under age ten tended to judge wrong-doings by the amount of damage caused rather than the intention behind the act. Hence, even though the person in answer A had the best intentions, he broke more dishes and, therefore, is seen as more wrong. Since the person stealing only knocked over one cup, it is not viewed as bad as breaking five dishes.

How many stages are there of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg?

  • A. Two
  • B. Six
  • C. Eight, paralleling Erikson's stages of psycho-social development
  • D. None; Kohlberg's theory is on self-actualization


Answer : B

Explanation:
Kohlberg's stages have three levels (pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional) and six stages: 1. obedience and punishment orientation 2. individualism and exchange 3. good interpersonal relationships 4. maintaining the social order 5. social contract and individual rights 6. universal principles.

Which of the following is not a factor in the sleep patterns of adolescents?

  • A. Biorhythm changes
  • B. Defiance
  • C. Increased need for sleep
  • D. Increased academic and social demands


Answer : B

Explanation:
Teens require more sleep than the average adult due to their rapid growth. A teen's decreased sleep patterns do not generally stem from defiant behavior. Teens have biorhythm changes, making them more likely to stay up late and sleep later. They are inundated with academic and social demands which may impair the amount or quality of their sleep.

A college student viewing a situation as good or bad or right or wrong is using:

  • A. Dualistic Thinking
  • B. Pessimism
  • C. Relativistic Thinking
  • D. Erroneous Thinking


Answer : A

Explanation:
Perry believed college students go through 4 stages of mental and moral development: Dualism, Multiplicity, Relativism, and Commitment. Dualistic thinking occurs in Dualism when students believe every problem is solvable and they are to learn the right answers. Relativistic thinking is the belief that every issue must be evaluated because everything is contextual.

Which theorist believed in the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

  • A. Piaget
  • B. Kohlberg
  • C. Vygotsky
  • D. Erickson


Answer : C

Explanation:
Vygotsky believed the potential for cognitive development depended upon the ZPD, which was a level of development attained when children engage in social interactions. When the social interaction is guided by an adult or collaborated with peers, the ZPD exceeds what one could achieve individually. Kohlberg is known for his work with moral development; Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development in children; and Erickson for his eight stages of psychosocial development.

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Total 100 questions